Cancer stem cells (CSCs) regulate carcinogenesis through their ability to self-renew and differentiate. These features, which are controlled by various signalling pathways, contribute to tumour malignancy, metastasis, cellular heterogeneity, and immune evasion. CSCs are chemoresistant and induce cancer recurrence; they are often regarded as a tiny subpopulation that finally results in tumour relapse. Despite the availability of several therapeutic alternatives, none may be regarded completely effective due to a lack of specificity and dose limitation. This study focused on the procedures involved in the development and management of CSCs. Second, recent successful stem cell treatments, cell-free therapies including exosomes and miRNAs, and photodynamic therapy have been described. Also emphasised are inhibitors that selectively target distinct signalling pathways and may be employed in tandem to modulate CSC dynamics. Finally, this thorough review offers a detailed examination of newly established innovative therapeutic options that will aid in the development of better-targeted therapies against CSCs.